Understanding and Types of Worship in Islam – Friends, as His people, we need to know the meaning and types of worship in Islam as one of the goals of human creation. To achieve this goal, the apostles were sent and the scriptures were revealed. So that those who truly believe in God always compete in worship. Check out the following information regarding the meaning and types of worship in Islam.
Definition of Worship in Islam
In Ustaz Isnan Anshory Lc’s book “Silsilah Tafsir Ayat Ahkam”, the word worship comes from Arabic, namely Alibada . This word is the Mashdal pattern of the verb “badaya” budu, which means obedience. Imam Albagawi also defines it as self-deprecation and obedience based on submission. The definition of worship on the other hand is also defined by various factors from a Sharia perspective.
Most people don’t know the meaning or types of worship, so some of us only focus on certain worship, for example prayer, zakat, fasting. In fact, there are a myriad of types of worship that we need to understand based on the very broad meaning of worship.
Types of Worship in Islam
In Ustaz Isnan Anshory Lc’s Silsilah Tafsir Ayat Ahkam, worship is categorized into four types based on their actions, namely as follows.
1. Qolbiyyah worship
This means that all worship is done through the activity of the mind. If this worship includes aspects of i`tiqod or beliefs such as belief in the existence of Allah SWT. Apart from i`tiqod as the love of God, or in the form of contemplation as a contemplation of God’s creation.
2. Qauliyah worship
This type of worship is done through oral activities. For example, reading the Qur’an, Glory, Termid, Takbir, Takbir, etc.
3. Amaliyyah worship
Amaliyyah worship is a type of worship that is carried out through the activities of the limbs. Examples include prayer, fasting, and the pilgrimage movement.
4. Maaliyyah worship
This type of worship is performed by a servant who donates his wealth. For example, paying Zakat and Bersodaqoh.
Before moving on to a deeper understanding of worship, we must first become familiar with the pillars of Islam, the pillars of Islam must be practiced by all people who are Muslims so that they can be used as a sign or measure of their Islam.
Worship Based on the Pillars of Islam
The pillars of Islam as the basis of Islamic religious knowledge have been taught from the beginning so that Muslims can better understand them and apply them in their daily lives. The pillars of Islam are the basis or foundation of Islam and must always be practiced so that one’s faith is maintained throughout one’s life.
In carrying out the pillars of Islam, there are certain conditions that can make worship obligatory, sunnah, or not obligatory.
Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu ‘alaihi wa sallam once said,
“Islam is built on five things, namely the creed of laa ilaaha illallah and the Muhammadan Rasulullah, establishing prayers, paying zakat, hajj and fasting Ramadan.” (Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)
Below is a brief explanation of each of the pillars of Islam.
1. Two Sentences of Creed
The two sentences of shahada are recited by Muslims as proof of their belief in accepting Islam and their integrity in carrying out the obligatory Sharia. The words of the two verses of the shahada are: ” Asyhadu an-laa ilaaha illallaah Wa asyhadu anna Muhammadan rasuulullaah .”
It means:
“I testify that there is no God who has the right to be worshiped besides Allah and I testify that the Prophet Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.”
By reciting the two sentences of the shahada, a Muslim believes that Allah is the only God who has the right to be worshiped and that the Prophet Muhammad is his messenger.
Muslims must believe that the Prophet Muhammad is not a god to be worshiped, but a messenger from Allah Ta’ala in the world to convey the message of Islam.
2. Prayer
Prayers are carried out according to a predetermined time, starting from the dawn prayer in the morning until the Isya prayer at night.
” A’ishah radhiallahu’ anha, the wife of the Prophet salallahu’alaihiwasallam ,” she said:
“The first obligatory prayer to the Prophet -sallallahu alaihi wasallam- is two cycles except Maghrib, which is 3 cycles. Then Allah completes (number of cycles) Dzhuhr, Asr, and Isha’ 4 cycles in the presence condition (not traveling) and stipulates prayer at the time of traveling as the initial obligation (2 cycles)” (HR Ahmad)
3. Fasting
The third pillar of Islam is to oblige fasting in the month of Ramadan. Fasting means abstaining from food, drink, marital relations, and anything else that breaks the fast from sunrise to sunset. In essence, part of the wisdom of fasting is to train oneself to fight all desires such as overeating, anger, and others.
4. Zakat
There are two types of zakat in Islam: zakat fitrah (staple food) and zakat Mal (wealth reaches nisob and haul). Zakat Fitrah will be paid during the month of Ramadan and before entering Eid al-Fitr. Zakat Mal is currently kept for one year and paid annually from assets/wealth/income that meet the nisab equivalent to 85 grams of gold. Zakat is very useful in helping poor and unable people to prosper their lives. As Allah says, there are eight groups who are entitled to receive zakat:
“Indeed, the zakat is only for the needy, the poor, administrators of zakat, converts whose hearts are persuaded, to (liberate) slaves, debtors, for the way of Allah, and for them who are on their way, as a decree obligated by Allah.” (Qs. At-Tauba: 60)
The verse describes that the 8 groups, namely:
- Fakir
- Poor
- The person who takes care of zakat
- convert
- Slave liberation
- Debt-ridden person
- People who strive in the way of Allah
- People who run out of supplies on the way
5. Hajj
The Hajj pilgrimage to the Holy Land is carried out every month of Hajj or Zulhijah. Hajj is an obligation for Muslims if they are physically and financially able. Hajj
mandatory for those who can because a trip to the Holy Land requires a lot of preparation, is expensive and requires physical and mental preparation for those who will go through it.
Sunnah practice in the month of Ramadan
In addition to the understanding and types of worship in Islam, there are also sunnah practices in the month of Ramadan, as follows.
1. Sahur
In the hadith of Al-Bukhari history it is narrated from Anas bin Malik radhiallahu`anhu, that Rasulullah SAW said: “Be happy, because there is a blessing in eating breakfast.”
Rasulullah SAW also recommended that eating suhoor is a blessing even with just a sip of water. Allah and the angels pray for those who eat suhoor. Sahur has its own blessings that can make people who are fasting stronger and easier to carry out.
2. Memorizing and reciting the Qur’an
The month of Ramadan is the month in which the Qur’an was revealed. Therefore, reading the Qur’an or Tadarus is a Sunnah practice in the fasting month of Ramadan and is highly recommended.
وَكَانَ جِبْرِيلُ يَلْقَاهُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَيُدَارِسُهُ الْقُرْآنَ
“Gabriel met him every night in the month of Ramadan, and he (Gabriel) recited the Koran with him. (HR Bukhari No. 3220).
3. Give charity
Giving alms during Ramadan was also a daily activity of the Prophet. His generosity is like a gust of wind. According to HR Bukharian, the Prophet was a most generous person, and his generosity increased during Ramadan, especially when Gabriel came to see him.
4. Sharing food with people who are fasting
Sharing food with the fasting person is a sunnah custom during the month of Ramadan. This is narrated by Hadith HR. Bei Tirmidhi :
مَنْ فَطَّرَ صَائِمًا كَانَ لَهُ مِثْلُ أَجْرِهِ غَيْرَ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْقُصُ مِانْ أَجَِِِْ الصَّا
“Whoever gives food to break the fast for a fasting person, he will get the same reward as that person, without reducing that person’s reward in the slightest.”
5. Pray more
In the Hadith narrated by Abu Hurairah there are three prayers that Allah will never reject. These three are the prayers of those who fast until they fast, the prayers of pious leaders, and the prayers of those who are persecuted. So pray more during the month of Ramadan, which Allah will surely grant.
6. Prioritize iftar when it’s time
One of the practices that is easy and of course fun to do when fasting, this is clearly stated in HR. Al-Bayhaqi:
كان أصحاب محمد صلى الله عليه و سلم أعجل الناس إفطارا وأبطأهم سحورا
“The companions of Muhammad shallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam are the people who are the most hasty in breaking their fast, and the last in their sahur”.
7. Itikaf
Iktikaf or silence in the mosque, seeking the pleasure of Allah and introspection on sins, according to Quraish Shihab, was launched in seconds from the news (24/4/20). The purpose of Itikaf itself is meditation. The Quraysh added that in carrying out Iktikaf one must look at the substance of contemplation, introspection and muhasaba. This does not have to be done at the mosque, but can also be done at home. If you want to perform Itikaf at the mosque, you must follow strict health protocols.
8. Don’t speak harshly
According to the hadith, Abu Hurairah said, the Prophet said that fasting is not just refraining from eating and drinking. However, you can omit the words laghwu and rafats. Laghwu is a useless word, while Rafats is a harsh word.
9. Umrah
Umrah needs to get approval from the local government during the pandemic period, many fines will be received if the permit is not obtained during the umrah period. The conditions for Umrah during a pandemic are vaccinations and the use of strict health protocols. The congregation is also not allowed to bring children as companions.
10. Qiyam Ramadan
Perform Qiyam Ramadan, or Tarawif prayers and other night prayers. During a pandemic, Tarawih prayers can be performed at home by following a number of requirements. If you want to take part in the Tarawih prayers at the mosque, you can follow the health protocol issued by the government. Below is a hadith about the Tarawih prayer:
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ مَنْ قَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ
From Abu Hurairah radhiallahu ‘anhu, that the Messenger of Allah said: “Whoever prays at night in the month of Ramadan out of faith and hopes for a reward from Allah, his past sins will be forgiven. (Narrated by Bukhari No. 37, Muslim No. 759)
Some Things That Invalidate Fasting
1. Put something in the mouth
The most basic understanding of fasting is to refrain from eating or drinking at certain times. Therefore, if someone deliberately inserts something through the holes in his limbs, then his fast is invalidated.
2. Relationship between husband and wife
It is forbidden for Muslims to have intercourse with husband and wife during the day during fasting even with a legal partner.
3. Vomiting
Whoever puts something in his mouth and vomits it on purpose, his fast will be invalid. However, if it is unintentional then it does not break the fast.
4. Ejaculation
Intentional ejaculation while fasting breaks the fast. Whether it’s sex or masturbation. However, if the ejaculation is accidentally for example due to a dream, it will not break the fast.
5. Madness
If a person loses consciousness or suddenly goes mad, his fast is broken. The reason is, fasting is only obligatory for people who are healthy mind and full awareness.
6. Apostasy
The main requirement for fasting during Ramadan is the belief that the command to fast comes from Allah SWT. The fast is automatically canceled when a person no longer believes in Allah and His commandments.
Fasting Service and Iftar Menu Recommended by the Prophet
1. Dates as Sahur Menu and Fasting Dates
Sahur is one of the sunnah worship that was highly recommended by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to the hadith, according to the present history of Abu Daud, the Prophet had a habit of eating dates at dawn.
Dates are the right food choice for Sahur. Quoting from the health side, this fruit contains enough calories, fiber and carbohydrates to fuel the body.
We will feel full longer when consuming them because dates are a source of complex carbohydrates. In addition, dates are also rich in various other nutrients, such as antioxidants, vitamins B, C, and K, calcium, iron, and so on.
Not only at dawn, according to a hadith narrated by Abu Daud, the Prophet also always ended his fast with fresh dates.
If not, he will take dry dates. Then if both are not there, then he drinks water. After that, the prophet will perform the Maghrib prayer.
2. A variety of vegetables and fruits for sahur and breaking the fast
Another important menu is vegetables and fruits. The fruits used by the Prophet Muhammad, among others, are:
- Melon
- Wine
- Olive
- Pomegranate
- Figs
For vegetables, the Prophet Muhammad liked to consume various vegetables such as pumpkin, zucchini, beets and cucumbers. Not only delicious, eating vegetables and fruit after fasting is also very beneficial for the health of the body.
By consuming fruits and vegetables, the body’s need for vitamins, minerals and fiber will be met. The body will feel fit afterwards.
3. Lamb as the main menu for breaking the fast
Apart from vegetables and fruits, the Prophet Muhammad also liked to eat lamb. Apart from its delicious meat which is processed into various food menus, lamb can also provide many benefits as follows:
- Supports the body’s antioxidant system,
- Increase endurance and physical performance
- Improve skin health
- Maintenance of immunity
- Supports nervous system health.
However, it should be noted that the Prophet Muhammad did not consume meat very often. He prefers to eat food from plants.
The habit of eating too much meat is not recommended. As reported by the Mayo Clinic website, various studies have shown that eating too much meat can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and several other diseases.
4. Milk for sahur and breaking the fast
The last one is milk. Milk is also one of the favorite drinks of the Prophet Muhammad. Milk is very beneficial for your body’s health because it provides calcium and is also very good for those who want to lose weight.
Of the various types of milk, Rasulullah SAW turned out to be a fan of goat’s milk. This Muslim Sunnah can be obeyed because goat’s milk has many benefits.
In addition, milk is also a drink mentioned in the Koran. A friend told me that Rasulullah (SAW) consumed goat’s milk, cow’s milk, and camel’s milk. The Prophet specifically advised his people to drink cow’s milk.
“You should drink the cow’s milk because it eats from every tree.” (Narrated by Ahmad, Hakim and Ibn Hibban).