In Indonesian, we have various language rules. One of them is active sentences in the writing system in Indonesia. The active sentence itself is a collection and sentence structure that explains the action or deed of the subject.
Active sentences are also a requirement that active sentences must apply verbs in their actions and deeds. This is important because active sentences aim to describe the actions and actions of the subject to the object.
This active sentence has an opponent or antonym, namely the passive sentence. In passive sentences, the subject gets certain actions and deeds in his activities. In passive sentences, the subject becomes the goal of the ongoing action and deed.
Characteristics of Active Sentences
To make it easier to understand active sentences, you can listen to the following explanation which has been summarized from the detik.com page.
- Often uses affix words, such as ber-, me-, and others
- Shows that the subject is doing certain actions and actions
- Sentence structures can be complete or incomplete. Complete sentence structure, such as Subject, Predicate, Object, Description (SPOK)
Active Sentence Type
In general, active sentences are classified into four categories. Here are the details.
1. Transitive Active Sentences
Transitive active sentences are sentences that require an object or complement. In writing, transitive active sentences apply transitive verbs, which are types of verbs that must have an object so that their meaning remains intact.
For example “Ana read a book called Beauty is Wound “. In this sentence, an object must be given to find out who reads the book Beauty is a Wound. To find out more, you can listen to the features of the transitive active sentence which have been summarized from the coil.com page as follows.
- Requires the object in the sentence to have a complete meaning.
- Using transitive verbs, which are types of verbs that require objects or complements in their sentences.
- Has a structure that contains objects in it, such as SPO, SPO-Pel, SPOK.
- Generally use verbs with the prefix or affix me- as the predicate of a sentence.
2. Intransitive Active Sentences
Intransitive active sentences are sentences that do not need objects or complements in the sentence. Intransitive active voice is a type of active sentence that is not equipped with an object. Therefore, intransitive active sentences have a different structure from transitive active sentences.
For example “Fadil studies in the room”. This sentence does not need an object, but its meaning can still be captured by others. To better understand intransitive active sentences, you can listen to the following characteristics which have been summarized from the coil.com page.
- It doesn’t need an object, but it still conveys its meaning well.
- Using intransitive verbs, which are types of verbs that do not require an object or complement in a sentence.
- Has a structure that contains objects in it, such as SPK, SP-Pel.
- The verb acting as a predicate is usually given the affix ber-.
In order to understand more about active sentences, you must also understand the rules for writing Indonesian. These rules can be studied through the book “General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling”. The book discusses the use of letters, writing words, using punctuation, and writing absorption elements. Not only that, in each chapter and accompanied by examples, both in the form of words and simple sentences. You can have it by clicking on the book cover or the “buy it now” image below.
3. Semitransitive Active Sentences
Semitransitive active sentences are active sentences whose predicate is a verb that gets the affixes ber-, me-, me-i, or ber-an. Meanwhile, according to Nababan quoted from the website let’s speak.id, semitransitive active sentences are active sentences where the predicate is not followed by an object or description, but is followed by a complement.
The sentence structure that is usually used in semitransitive active sentences, namely SP-Pel. This is one of the differences with intransitive active sentences. If the active sentence is intransitive it can be followed by adverbs or objects. Meanwhile, in semitransitive active sentences you cannot use this concept.
However, intransitive active sentences and semitransitive active sentences have in common, that is, they cannot be changed into passive sentences. For example I sow his achievements; Najwa Shihab became the Indonesian Reading Ambassador; He ran fast; etc.
To better understand semitransitive active sentences, you can listen to an explanation of the characteristics of semitransitive active sentences which have been summarized from the following website, let’s speak.id .
- The predicate is a verb that gets the affixes ber-, me-, me-i, or ber-an.
- Using the SP-Pel sentence structure.
- Cannot be followed by an object or description.
- Cannot be changed into passive form.
- The subject is the doer who performs the deed or action.
4. Dwitransitive Active Sentences
Dwitransitive active sentence is an active sentence that contains object and complement elements at the same time. This sentence has the same principle as other active sentences. The subject takes on the role of an actor who does something to an object element which is complemented by one of the other Indonesian language elements, namely complement.
To understand more about dwitransitive active sentences, you can listen to the following characteristics which are summarized from the lecturerlanguage.com page.
- The subject acts as the doer who commits an act.
- The predicate is in the form of types of verbs or examples of verb phrases in Indonesian.
- Can be changed into passive sentences.
- Has the SPO-Pel sentence pattern (however, this sentence can also be written with the SPO-Pel-K and KSPO-Pel pattern).
An example of a dwitransitive active sentence includes mother buying a new pair of shoes for her sister; Radit gave his wife a diamond pendant; Mother provided us with food.
Examples of Transitive Active Sentences
To understand more about transitive active sentences, you can listen to some of the explanations below which have been summarized from various sources.
- Do not litter.
- The volcanic eruption devastated the surrounding area.
- Mom poured juice into my glass.
- Dad mopped the floor.
- Dinda catches a neighbor’s goat that escapes from the cage.
- Mother took cough medicine.
- Little brother took the toys in the cupboard.
- I repair torn clothes.
- Father made a bookshelf out of wood.
- Grandfather mowed the grass in front of the house.
- Fina gave souvenirs from Bali.
- Mother closed the bedroom window.
Indonesian writing has many variations. One of them is the rules of scientific writing. This rule is usually used in educational settings. Students, teachers, lecturers, or students must write in this style for several assignments. To better understand the rules of scientific writing, you can study a book entitled “Indonesian: Writing and Presentation of Scientific Work”.
Examples of Intransitive Sentences
To better understand intransitive active sentences, the following are examples of intransitive sentences that have been summarized from various sources on the internet.
- The night sky is studded with stars.
- Bude shopped at the market every day.
- Sister stays up late at night.
- His body was covered in mud.
- Berthy swam with her friends.
- We are vacationing in Tarakan next week.
- The baby was crying because it was hungry.
- My sister screamed loudly.
- They line up on the field.
- Typhoon drives the car at moderate speed.
- Father worked hard every day.
- My sister is singing in the room.
- Sister is dancing in the dance studio.
- The warship docked.
- My friend is crying.
- The boy looked down.
- The ice is melting.
Examples of Semitransitive Active Sentences
To understand more about semitransitive active sentences, you can listen to the following examples of semitransitive active sentences which have been summarized from various pages on the internet.
- Dad works in the office
- Fans run fast
- A prisoner escapes from prison
- Gaby sobbed
- My sister is staying at a friend’s house
- Rani has a melodious voice.
- My sister is shivering with cold.
- Agil promised.
- We said goodbye afterwards.
- Lukman spoke loudly. Father stood up straight.
- I bemoan my fate.
- Your behavior exceeds the limit.
- His younger brother has a military education.
- Asrul moves swiftly.
- He traveled a lot.
- Her neck is adorned with a gold pendant.
- The soldier has the rank of general.
- The man was handsome.
- Grace stands firm.
Examples of Dwitransitive Active Sentences
Launching from various pages on the internet, the following are examples of dwitransitive active sentences that can be your learning material in understanding these types of sentences.
- Tomo sent his girlfriend a doll.
- The teacher corrects her student’s test.
- Dad found me a job.
- My friends gave me a surprise.
- The principal presents Hasan with new shoes.
- Mom and dad always send me money.
- My brother bought a bicycle for my sister.
- Grandpa repairs sister’s bicycle.
- Dad told me his life story.
- The takmir of the mosque established an orphanage.
- Uncle drains the bathroom tub.
- My adoptive parents paid for me to go to school.
- Heri pays a fee of ten thousand rupiah.
- The RT head promised the residents an infiltration well.
- Miska lent me some money.
- Uncle found me a job.
- Roni lent me some money.
- Heri paid a fee of five thousand rupiah.
- The Regent promised the poor people a decent place to live.
- The teacher teaches the students to count.
- My sister is drinking medicine for her sister to get well soon.
- He shared his experience when working in Malaysia.
- Dina asked permission to go to the toilet.